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a1373 and a1374 a1373-ds worcester, massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 115 northeast cutoff, box 15036 www.allegromicro.com allegro microsystems, inc. ab so lute max i mum rat ings supply voltage, v cc .......................................... 16 v reverse-supply voltage, v rcc ........................ ?16 v output voltage 1 , v out ....................................... 16 v reverse-output voltage, v rout ..................... ?0.1 v output current source, i outsource ................................... 3 ma sink, i outsink .......................................... 10 ma operating temperature ambient, t a , range e.................. ?40oc to 85oc ambient, t a , range l................ ?40oc to 150oc maximum junction, t j(max) ........................ 165oc storage temperature, t s .................. ?65oc to 170oc high precision, output pin programmable linear hall effect sensors features and benefits package kb, 3-pin sip 1 2 3 1. vcc 2. gnd 3. vout (programming) the a1373 and a1374 high precision linear hall effect sensors are sensitive, tem- perature stable, linear devices with externally programmable features. this device family incorporates a chopper-stabilized amplifier, voltage regulator, program- ming logic, and an output amplifier on a single ic. the patented dynamic offset cancellation used with a chopper-stabilization technique provides extremely low offset and minimal temperature drift. a high frequency clock is used for chopping, to ensure high frequency signal processing capability. the a1373 and a1374 are ideal for use in automotive and industrial linear position-sensing applications that require increased reliability and accuracy over conventional contacting-potentiom- eter solutions. key applications include: throttle position sensors, pedal position sensors, and suspension height sensors. the design and manufacturing flexibility of the a1373 and a1374 complement the allegro linear hall effect family of devices by offering programmable gain, quiescent offset voltage for unipolar or bipolar operation, temperature coef- ficient, clamps, and polarity. the device can be set up in a magnetic circuit and programmed with a train of serial pulses via the output pin. once the right combination of gain, quiescent output voltage, and temperature coefficient has been selected, the codes can be locked for one-time programming. in this manner, manufacturing tolerances can be reduced and the assembly process can be simpli- fied. these devices are available in the kb package, a 3-pin sip (single inline pack- age). the lead (pb) free version has a 100% matte tin plated leadframe. 1 when blowing fuses during device programming, a voltage of 28 v may be applied to vout. output pin programming field-programmable for optimal application integration selectable coarse and fine gain and quiescent output voltage selectable sensitivity temperature coefficient selectable output clamp voltage level selectable output polarity unipolar or bipolar operation ratiometric sensitivity, clamps, and quiescent output voltage chopper-stabilized hall technique wide operating temperature range on-chip regulator for over/under voltage protection on-chip regulator provides emi robustness wide lead-spacing with kb package
2 a1373-ds worcester, massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 115 northeast cutoff, box 15036 www.allegromicro.com allegro microsystems, inc. high precision, output pin programmable, linear hall effect sensors a1373 and a1374 product selection guide functional block diagram amp out vcc pin 3 vout gnd pin 2 pin 1 filter dynamic offset cancellation gain temperature coefficient offset voltage regulator trim control to all subcircuits hall drive circuit *contact allegro for additional packing options part number pb- free packing* ambient, t a (oc) a1373ekb ? bulk, 500 pcs./bag a1373ekb?t yes ?40 to 85 a1373ekbti ? 14.24-in. reel, 2000 pcs/reel a1373ekbti?t yes a1373lkb ? bulk, 500 pcs./bag a1373lkb?t yes ?40 to 150 a1373lkbti ? 14.24-in. reel, 2000 pcs/reel a1373lkbti?t yes a1374ekb ? bulk, 500 pcs./bag a1374ekb?t yes ?40 to 85 a1374ekbti ? 14.24-in. reel, 2000 pcs/reel a1374ekbti?t yes a1374lkb ? bulk, 500 pcs./bag a1374lkb?t yes ?40 to 150 a1374lkbti ? 14.24-in. reel, 2000 pcs/reel a1374lkbti?t yes
3 a1373-ds worcester, massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 115 northeast cutoff, box 15036 www.allegromicro.com allegro microsystems, inc. high precision, output pin programmable, linear hall effect sensors a1373 and a1374 characteristic symbol test conditions min. typ. max units electrical characteristics over operating temperature range, v cc = 5.0 v, unless otherwise noted supply voltage v cc operation within specification, t j < 165c 4.5 5.0 5.5 v supply current i cc ? 8.2 10 ma reverse-supply current i rcc v cc = ?16 v, t a = 25c ? ? 16 ma power-on time 1 t po c load = 10 nf, 90% full scale v out ? ? 300 s chopping frequency f c ? 200 ? khz internal bandwidth bw a1373 small signal -3 db ? 2.5 ? khz a1374 ? 20 ? khz output characteristics over operating temperature range, v cc = 5.0 v, unless otherwise noted noise 2,3 v n a1373 peak-to-peak, c load > 1 nf, 2.5 mv/g ? 6 16 mv a1374 ? 14 26 mv output capacitance load c load vout pin to gnd pin ? ? 10 nf output resistive load r load 4700 ? ? ? phase shift ? a1373 magnetic signal freq. = 100 hz ? 3 ? () a1374 magnetic signal freq. = 1000 hz ? 3 ? () output voltage v out(sat)high i outsink = 1.2 ma, b(kg) > (v cc ?v out(q) ) / sens (mv/g) 4.65 4.7 ? v v out(sat)low i outsource = 1.2 ma, b(kg) < v out(q) / sens (mv/g) ? 0.2 0.25 v output resistance r out ? 1.5 ? ? magnetic characteristics magnetic slew rate slr v/ms / sens ? 20 ? g/s pre-programming target (prior to coarse and fine trim) over operating temperature range, v cc = 5.0 v, unless otherwise noted pre-programming quiescent output voltage v out(q)pre b = 0 g, t a = 25c 1.62 1.80 1.98 v pre-programming sensitivity sens pre t a = 25c 1.05 1.31 1.75 mv/g pre-programming sensitivity temperature coefficient tc pre t a relative to 25c ?0.016 0.05 0.104 %/c initial coarse programming over operating temperature range, v cc = 5.0 v, unless otherwise noted initial coarse quiescent output voltage v out(q)initlow t a = 25c ? 0.55 ? v v out(q)initmid reference v out(q)pre ??- ?v v out(q)inithigh t a = 25c ? 3.25 ? v initial coarse sensitivity sens initlow reference sens pre ? ? ? mv/g sens initmid t a = 25c ? 2.8 ? mv/g sens inithigh t a = 25c ? 5.5 ? mv/g characteristic parameters continued on the next page...
4 a1373-ds worcester, massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 115 northeast cutoff, box 15036 www.allegromicro.com allegro microsystems, inc. high precision, output pin programmable, linear hall effect sensors a1373 and a1374 quiescent output voltage programming over operating temperature range, v cc = 5.0 v, unless otherwise noted quiescent output voltage range v out(q)low b = 0 g, t a = 25c 0.7 ? 1.9 v v out(q)mid 2.0 ? 3.2 v v out(q)high 3.5 ? 4.5 v average quiescent output voltage step size 4,5,6 step vout(q) t a = 25c 3.0 3.275 3.5 mv quiescent output voltage programming resolution err progvout(q) fine programming value selection accuracy ? 0.5 step vout(q) ?mv quiescent output voltage drift over operating temperature range ? v out(q) v out(q) = v out(q)low ? ? 40 mv v out(q) = v out(q)mid ? ? 40 mv v out(q) = v out(q)high ? ? 55 mv quiescent output voltage programming bits ? coarse (range selection) ? 2 ? bit fine (value selection) ? 9 ? bit 10% output clamp option 7 v outclp10high a1373 high-side output clamp 4.350 ? 4.565 v a1374 4.300 ? 4.650 v v outclp10low a1373 low-side output clamp 0.4 ? 0.6 v a1374 0.3 ? 0.6 v 20% output clamp option 7 v outclp20high a1373 high-side output clamp 3.925 ? 4.125 v a1374 3.900 ? 4.200 v v outclp20low a1373 low-side output clamp 0.9 ? 1.1 v a1374 0.8 ? 1.1 v delay to clamp t clp a1373 ? ? 2 s a1374 ? ? 100 s sensitivity programming over operating temperature range, v cc = 5.0 v, unless otherwise noted sensitivity range 8 sens low t a = 25c 1.75 ? 3.0 mv/g sens mid 3.5 ? 6.0 mv/g sens high 7.0 ? 11.75 mv/g average sensitivity step size 4,5,6 step senslow t a = 25c 6 9.5 14 v/g step sensmid 12 18.7 28 v/g step senshigh 22 37.0 56 v/g sensitivity programming resolution err progsens fine programming value selection accuracy ? 0.5 step sens ? v/g sensitivity programming bits ? coarse (range selection) ? 2 ? bit fine (value selection) ? 8 ? bit polarity programming polarity programming bit ? negative sensitivity ? 1 ? bit characteristic parameters (continued) continued on the next page... characteristic symbol test conditions min. typ. max units
5 a1373-ds worcester, massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 115 northeast cutoff, box 15036 www.allegromicro.com allegro microsystems, inc. high precision, output pin programmable, linear hall effect sensors a1373 and a1374 characteristic parameters (continued) sensitivity temperature coefficient programming over operating temperature range, v cc = 5.0 v, unless otherwise noted sensitivity temperature coefficient range tc sensitivity t/c codes 0 to 11, minimum (absolute) positive temperature coefficient attainable ? 0.07 ? %/c sensitivity t/c codes 16 to 27, minimum (absolute) negative temperature coefficient attainable ? ? 0.016 ? %/c average sensitivity temperature coefficient step size 4, 5 , 6 step tc t a = 150 c ? 0.01 ? %/c sensitivity temperature coefficient programming bits ?? 5 ? bit one-time programming device programming lock bit ? ? 1 ? bit ratiometry over operating temperature range, v cc = 5.0 v, unless otherwise noted quiescent voltage error rat vout(q) v cc at v operating ? 0.25 ?% sensitivity error rat sens v cc at v operating ? 1.0 ?% clamp error rat voutclp v cc at v operating ? 1.5 ?% linearity over operating temperature range, v cc = 5.0 v, unless otherwise noted positive linearity error lin+ v cc at v operating ? 0.5 ?% negative linearity error lin? v cc at v operating ? 0.5 ?% symmetry over operating temperature range, v cc = 5.0 v, unless otherwise noted symmetry error sym v cc at v operating ? v cc ? 0.35 ? % additional characteristics sensitivity drift 9 ? sens ? ? 2 % fault conditions over operating temperature range, v cc = 5.0 v, unless otherwise noted shorted output wire i outsht vout pin to vcc pin ? ? 18 ma vout pin to gnd pin ? ? 4 ma 1 t po does not include t clp , specified in the quiescent programming sectio n of this table. 2 peak to peak value exceeded: 0.3% (6 ). 3 for a1373, no digital noise is present at the output. 4 step size is larger than required for the specified range, to take into account manufacturing spread. 5 individual code step sizes can be greater than 2 larger than the step size at each significant bit rollover. 6 average fine code step size in a given range = (output value at highest fine code in the range ? output value at code 0 of the range) / total quantity of steps (codes) in the range. 7 values indicated are valid if any additional magnetic field does not exceed b(kg)= 2 (v) / sens (mv/g), after v outclp is reached. 8 program the sensitivity t/c register before programming sensitivity coarse and sensitivity fine , due to a worst case shift of 3% in sensitivity at 25c at the maximum values for sensitivity t/c: positive t/c and sensitivity t/c: negative t/c . the programming guidelines section in this document lists a complete recommended order for programming individual values. 9 drift due to temperature cycling is due to package effects on the hall transducer. the stress is reduced when the package is ba ked. however, it will recover over time after removal from the bake. characteristic symbol test conditions min. typ. max units
6 a1373-ds worcester, massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 115 northeast cutoff, box 15036 www.allegromicro.com allegro microsystems, inc. high precision, output pin programmable, linear hall effect sensors a1373 and a1374 typical characteristics 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 sensitivity tc code v out(q) (v) temperature coefficient code profile t a = 150c, magnetically back-biased v out(q) = v out(q)pre , sens = 5 mv/g code application 0 initial code 1 ? 11 positive tc codes, use to increase tc value 12 ? 15 [unused, same effect as 4 ? 7, respectively] 16 ? 27 negative tc codes, use to decrease tc value 28 ? 31 [unused, same effect as 20 ? 23, respectively] positive programming codes negative programming codes
7 a1373-ds worcester, massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 115 northeast cutoff, box 15036 www.allegromicro.com allegro microsystems, inc. high precision, output pin programmable, linear hall effect sensors a1373 and a1374 sensitivity temperature coefficient range, tc tc (% / c) 0.25 ?0.25 0.20 ?0.20 0.15 ?0.15 0.10 ?0.10 0.05 ?0.05 0 tc (typ) , for positive programming typical maximum attainable positive tc programming range tc pre(max) tc (typ) , for negative programming tc pre(min) typical maximum attainable negative tc programming range tc range before programming units with a tc in the range tc (min) < tc < tc pre(max) before programming may not be programmable to the maximum attainable negative tc programming value extended range not guaranteed extended range not guaranteed guaranteed programmable range a a
8 a1373-ds worcester, massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 115 northeast cutoff, box 15036 www.allegromicro.com allegro microsystems, inc. high precision, output pin programmable, linear hall effect sensors a1373 and a1374 average supply current (icc) vs temperature vcc = 5v temperature (c) average supply current (ma) temperature (c) average ratiometry (voq) (%) 4.5 to 5.0 v 5.5 to 5.0 v average linearity vs temperature -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 temperature (c) average linearity (%) linearity + linearit y - average symmetry vs temperature -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 temperature (c) average symmetry (%) -50-250255075100125150 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 temperature (c) average ratiometry (sens) (%) 4.5 to 5.0 v 5.5 to 5.0 v -50-250255075100125150 average ratiometry, voq average ratiometry, sens 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 99.0 99.2 99.4 99.6 99.8 100.0 100.2 100.4 100.6 100.8 101.0 99.0 99.2 99.4 99.6 99.8 100.0 100.2 100.4 100.6 100.8 101.0 99.0 99.2 99.4 99.6 99.8 100.0 100.2 100.4 100.6 100.8 101.0 99.0 99.2 99.4 99.6 99.8 100.0 100.2 100.4 100.6 100.8 101.0
9 a1373-ds worcester, massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 115 northeast cutoff, box 15036 www.allegromicro.com allegro microsystems, inc. high precision, output pin programmable, linear hall effect sensors a1373 and a1374 average delta sensitivity (percent change relative to 25c) -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 temperature (c) average delta sensitivity (%) sensitivity low sensitivity mid sensitivity high average delta sensitivity over tc codes (percent change relative to 25c) initial coarse range -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 temperature (c) initial delta sensitivity (%) sensitivity low - tc code 0 sensitivity low - tc code 11 sensitivity low - tc code 27 average delta sensitivity (percent per degree celsius change relative to 25c) -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 temperature (c) average delta sensitvity (%/c) sensitivity low sensitivity mid sensitivity high average delta sensitivity (percent per degree celsius change relative to 25c) initial coarse low -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 temperature (c) average delta sensitvity (%/c) sensitivity low - tc code 0 sensitivity low - tc code 11 sensitivity low - tc code 27 positive tc contribution to delta sensitivity -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 temperature (c) tc contribution to delta sensitivity (%) tc code 1 tc code 2 tc code 4 tc code 8 tc code 11 negative tc contribution to delta sensitivity -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 temperature (c) tc contribution to delta sensitivity (%) tc code 16 tc code 17 tc code 18 tc code 20 tc code 24 tc code 27 -0.20 -0.15 -0.10 -0.05 0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 -10 -5 0 5 10 15
10 a1373-ds worcester, massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 115 northeast cutoff, box 15036 www.allegromicro.com allegro microsystems, inc. high precision, output pin programmable, linear hall effect sensors a1373 and a1374 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 temperature (c) average vout(q) (v) vout(q)low - initial vout(q)mid - initial vout(q)high - initial average quiescent output voltage max code (511) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 temperature (c) average vout(q) (max code - 511) (v) vout(q)low - max code vout(q)mid - max code vout(q)high - max code relative to 25c, initial sensitivity -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 temperature (c) average delta vout(q) (mv) vout(q)low vout(q)mid vout(q)high average quiescent output voltage over sensitivity 1.75 1.77 1.79 1.81 1.83 1.85 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 temperature (c) average vout(q) (v) vout(q)mid - senslow vout(q)mid - sensmid vout(q)mid - senshigh average initial quiescent output voltage vs supply voltage t a = 25c 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 supply voltage (v) average vout(q) (v) vout(q)low - initial vout(q)mid - initial vout(q)high - initial average quiescent output voltage average delta quiescent output voltage 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
11 a1373-ds worcester, massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 115 northeast cutoff, box 15036 www.allegromicro.com allegro microsystems, inc. high precision, output pin programmable, linear hall effect sensors a1373 and a1374 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 v out(sat) (v) v out(sat)+ v out(sat)? 0 1 2 3 4 5 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 temperature (c) average clamp voltage (v) 10% high clamp 10% low clamp 20% high clamp 20% low clam p average clamp values temperature (c) average saturation voltage 0 1 2 3 4 5
12 a1373-ds worcester, massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 115 northeast cutoff, box 15036 www.allegromicro.com allegro microsystems, inc. high precision, output pin programmable, linear hall effect sensors a1373 and a1374 chopper stabilization technique chopper stabilization is a unique approach used to minimize hall offset on the chip. the patented allegro technique, namely dynamic quadrature offset cancellation, removes key sources of the output drift induced by thermal and mechanical stresses. this offset reduction technique is based on a signal modulation- demodulation process. the undesired offset signal is separated from the magnetic field-induced signal in the frequency domain, through modulation. the subsequent demodulation acts as a modulation process for the offset, causing the magnetic field-induced signal to recover its original spectrum at baseband, while the dc offset becomes a high-frequency signal. the magnetic-sourced signal then can pass through a low-pass filter, while the modulated dc offset is suppressed. the chopper stabilization technique uses a 200 khz high frequency clock. for demodulation process, a sample and hold technique is used, where the sampling is performed at twice the chopper frequency (400 khz). this high-frequency operation allows a greater sampling rate, which results in higher accuracy and faster signal-processing capability. this approach desensitizes the chip to the effects of thermal and mechanical stresses, and produces devices that have extremely stable quiescent hall output voltages and precise recoverabil- ity after temperature cycling. this technique is made possible through the use of a bicmos process, which allows the use of low-offset, low-noise amplifiers in combination with high-den- sity logic integration and sample-and-hold circuits. amp regulator clock/logic hall element sample and hold low-pass filter concept of chopper stabilization technique
13 a1373-ds worcester, massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 115 northeast cutoff, box 15036 www.allegromicro.com allegro microsystems, inc. high precision, output pin programmable, linear hall effect sensors a1373 and a1374 linear: a type of hall-effect sensor that produces an analog output voltage proportional to the strength of a sensed magnetic field. ratiometric: a linear hall-effect sensor that, when not subjected to a significant magnetic field, has an output that is a ratio of its supp ly voltage. a ratiometric performance of 100% indicates the output follows the supply with no percentage error. gauss: standard unit of measuring magnetic flux density. 1 gauss is equal to 1 maxwell per square centimeter or 10 -4 tesla. (for reference, the earth?s magnetic field is approximately 0.5 gauss.) blowing: applying a pulse of sufficient voltage and duration to permanently set a bit, by blowing a fuse internal to the device. once a bit (fuse) has been blown, it cannot be reset. the terms trimming and programming can be used interchangeably with blowing in this context. programming modes : testing the results is the only valid method to guarantee successful programming, and multiple modes are provided to support this. the programming modes are described in the section mode selection state. code: the number used to identify the register and the bitfield to be programmed, expressed as the decimal equivalent of the binary value. the lsb of a register is denoted as bit 0. definitions of terms typical application drawing 2 vcc v reg sensor output gnd vout c bypass 0.1 f c load 1nf r load 4.7 k ? a1373 a1374 1 3
14 a1373-ds worcester, massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 115 northeast cutoff, box 15036 www.allegromicro.com allegro microsystems, inc. high precision, output pin programmable, linear hall effect sensors a1373 and a1374 characteristic definitions quiescent output voltage. in the quiescent state (no signifi- cant magnetic field: b = 0), the output, v outq , equals a ratio of the supply voltage, v cc , throughout the entire operating ranges of v cc and ambient temperature, t a . due to internal compo- nent tolerances and thermal considerations, however, there is a tolerance on the quiescent output voltage, ? v outq , which is a function of both ? v cc and ? t a . for purposes of specifica- tion, the quiescent output voltage as a function of temperature, ? v outq( ? t a ) , is defined as: where sens is in mv/g, and the result is the device equivalent accuracy, in gauss (g), applicable over the entire operating tem- perature range. sensitivity. the presence of a south-polarity (+b) magnetic field, perpendicular to the branded face of the device package, increases the output voltage, v out , in proportion to the magnetic field applied, from v outq toward the v cc rail. conversely, the application of a north polarity (?b) magnetic field, in the same orientation, proportionally decreases the output voltage from its quiescent value. this proportionality is specified as the magnetic sensitivity of the device and is defined as: the stability of the device magnetic sensitivity as a function of ambient temperature, ? sens ( ? t a ) (%) is defined as: ratiometric. the a1373 and a1374 feature ratiometric output. this means that the quiescent voltage output, v outq , magnetic sensitivity, sens, and clamp voltage, v outclp , are proportional to the supply voltage, v cc . the ratiometric change in the quiescent output voltage, rat vout(q) (%), is defined as: and the ratiometric change in sensitivity is defined as: and the ratiometric change in clamp voltage is defined as: linearity and symmetry. the on-chip output stage is designed to provide linear output at a supply voltage of 5 v. although the application of very high magnetic fields does not damage these devices, it does force their output into a nonlinear region. linearity in percent is measured and defined as: and output symmetry as: ? v outq( ? ) sens ( 25 oc ) v outq( ) v outq( 25 oc ) ? = (1) 2 b v out(?b) v out(+b ) sens ? = ? sens ( ? ) sens ( ) sens ( 25 oc ) sens ( 25 oc ) ? = 100 % (2) (3) v cc 5v v outq(v cc ) v outq(5v) rat vout(q) = 100 % (4) v cc 5v = 100 % rat sens sens (v cc ) sens ( 5 v ) (5) = 100 % lin + 2 ( v out(+b?) ?v voutq ) ? v out(+b) v outq (7) = 100 % lin ? 2( v out(?b?) ?v outq ) ? v out(?b) v outq (8) ? = 100 % sym v out(+b) v outq Cv out(?b) v outq (9) = rat vclp v cc 5v v clp(v cc ) v clp(5v) 100 % (6)
15 a1373-ds worcester, massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 115 northeast cutoff, box 15036 www.allegromicro.com allegro microsystems, inc. high precision, output pin programmable, linear hall effect sensors a1373 and a1374 pulse generation several parameters can be field-programmed. to do so, a coded series of voltage pulses through the vout pin is used to set bitfields in onboard registers. the effect on the device output can be monitored, and the registers can be cleared and set repeat- edly until the required output results are achieved. to make the setting permanent, bitfield-level solid state fuses are blown, and finally, a device-level fuse is blown, blocking any further coding. although any programmable variable power supply can be used to generate the pulsed waveforms, allegro highly recommends using the allegro sensor evaluation kit, available on the allegro web site on-line store. the manual for that kit is available for download free of charge, and provides additional information on programming these devices. there are four relative nominal voltage levels that must be taken into account when programming. for purposes of explanation in this document, the signal levels are referred to simply as high programming voltage, v ph , midrange, v pm , and low, v pl . the fourth voltage level, v r , is a very low level, near zero volts, used to reset the bitfields that have not yet been isolated by blown fuses. the high level, v ph , pulse is maintained either for short duration ( ? t ph = 1 to <<35 s), acting as a strobe to signal the transition between states, or for long duration ( ? t ph 35 s) and used for fuse-blowing. the device generates an internal pulse beginning at the leading (rising) edge of a v ph pulse. the duration of the internal pulse is the duration of the external v ph pulse, ? t ph , plus 15 s. the added time is a buffer to compensate for volt- age drop when the high current is sourced, ensuring that there is sufficient power to blow the fuse completely. before sending another pulse, an additional guard band of 5 s is recommended to allow the signal to decay, for a total of at least 20 s after the end of any v ph pulse. ? t ph is measured from the time when the external signal voltage rises above 23.6 v to the time when it falls below 19.4 v. the nominal level for v ph is 28 v. 1 < ? t ph < 35 s ? t ph > 35 s external pulses on vout pin internal pulses logic 0 logic 1 change state bit setting pulses = 5 s state change or blow pulse = ? t ph +15 s note: spurious bit-setting pulses are generated on first v > v pl after v r , and at last v pl . guard band (20 s) guard band (6 s) v ph v pm v pl v r blow fuse t min 50 s blowing fuse programming pulse waveforms
16 a1373-ds worcester, massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 115 northeast cutoff, box 15036 www.allegromicro.com allegro microsystems, inc. high precision, output pin programmable, linear hall effect sensors a1373 and a1374 the midrange voltage level, v pm , is a neutral level, used to separate both v ph and v pl pulses from each other. the nominal level for v pm is 15 v. the low level, v pl , pulse is used to indicate bitfield addresses that are to be set. the device generates an internal pulse begin- ning at the leading (falling) edge of a v pl pulse. the duration of the internal pulse is 5 s. before allowing the voltage to rise again, an additional guard band of 1 s is recommended to ensure that the pulse completes, for a total of at least 6 s after the start of any v pl pulse. the duration of the v pl pulse, ? t pl , is measured from the time when the external signal voltage falls into the range 0 to 7.5 v to the time when it rises above 10 v. if the voltage rises above 10 v before the 5 s period expires, then the v pl pulse will immediately end, with undefined results. the nominal level for v ph is 5 v. v pl must always be maintained high enough above v r (nomi- nally 0 v) to maintain the settings provisionally latched into registers. note that, when the external voltage rises from v r through the v pl range, a spurious internal pulse is generated, making code 0 not available in mode selection state. a spurious internal pulse also is generated when the external voltage falls through the v pl range at the end of a code sequence. for that reason, it is mandatory to ensure that the voltage is dropped fully to v r , before every blow fuse mode operation, to ensure that the spurious pulse does not affect the next code sequence.
17 a1373-ds worcester, massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 115 northeast cutoff, box 15036 www.allegromicro.com allegro microsystems, inc. high precision, output pin programmable, linear hall effect sensors a1373 and a1374 power up initial state mode select register select bitfield select bitfield select blow try lock qvo fine sens. coarse sens. fine qvo coarse clamp tc polar 1 2 0 2^n -1 blowing mode? v ph v ph v pl v pl 12 3 01 2 34 56 v pl v pl v pl v pl v pl v ph v ph v ph v ph v pl v ph v ph v ph v ph v ph v ph v ph v pl v pl v pl v ph v ph v ph [optional: measure] [optional: measure] [optional: measure] [write mode] v ph fuse blowing no yes v pl v pl v pl v pl v pl user generated transition internally generated transition sens. programming state machine
18 a1373-ds worcester, massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 115 northeast cutoff, box 15036 www.allegromicro.com allegro microsystems, inc. high precision, output pin programmable, linear hall effect sensors a1373 and a1374 initial state after system power-up, the programming logic is reset to a known state. this is referred to as the initial state. all the regis- ters that have intact fuses are set to logic 0. while in the initial state, any v pl pulses on the vout pin are ignored. to enter the mode selection state, send one v ph pulse on the vout pin. mode selection state this state allows the selection of the programming mode: ? try value mode. in this mode, the user provisionally downloads settings to the device registers, without blowing the bits. the user can increment through the codes of each parameter, and evaluate the results of various code settings. ? blow fuse mode. in this mode, after downloading the settings, the user can blow the fuses in specific registers. ? lock device mode. this mode is similar to blow fuse mode, except that the fuse that is blown permanently prevents any further program- ming of any bits in the device. to select a mode, increment through the register bitfields by sending v pl pulses on the vout pin, as follows: 0 pulses ? no effect 1 pulse ? try value mode 2 pulses ? blow fuse mode 3 pulses ? lock device mode this register wraps by default. this means that sending addi- tional vpl pulses traverses the register again. any v ph pulse sent before a v pl pulse has no effect. to enter the register selection state, after sending a valid quan- tity of v pl pulses, send one v ph pulse on the vout pin. register selection state this state allows the selection of the register containing the bitfields to be programmed. selecting the register corresponds to selecting the parameter to be set. for bit codes, see the section programming logic. ? qvo [v out(q) ] coarse. register for setting the range of the operat- ing dc point (2 bits) ? qvo fine. register for setting the value within the range set in the qvo coarse register (9 bits) ? sens. [sensivity] coarse. register for setting the overall gain of the device (2 bits) ? sens. fine. register for setting the value within the range set in the sens. coarse register (8 bits) ? [sensitivity] tc register. register for setting the temperature coef- ficient for the device (5 bits). ? clamp [v outclp ] bit. register for setting the clamping voltage of the output (2 bits) ? polarity bit. register setting the polarity of the output (1 bit) to select a register, increment through the register bitfields by sending v pl pulses on the vout pin. note that the program- ming of registers should follow the order shown in item 7 in the section programming guidelines, not the bitfield selection order shown here. the bitfield selection order is: 0 pulses ? qvo coarse register 1 pulse ? qvo fine register 2 pulses ? sens. coarse register 3 pulses ? sense fine register 4 pulses ? tc register register 5 pulses ? clamp bit register 6 pulses ? polarity bit register this register wraps by default. to enter the register selection state, send one v ph pulse on the vout pin. bitfield selection state (write mode) this state allows the selection of the individual bitfields to be programmed, in the register selected in the register selection state. in try value mode, the total value of the bitfields selected incre- ments by 1 with each v pl pulse on the vout pin. the param- eter being programmed changes with each additional pulse, so measurements can be taken after each pulse to determine if the desired result has been acquired. in blow fuses mode, each bitfield to be blown must be selected individually. for bit codes and wrapping for these registers, see the section programming logic. to leave this state, send one v ph pulse on the vout pin. if the current mode is try value, the bitfields remain set and the device reverts to the mode selection state. if the current mode is blow fuse, the selected bitfield fuse is blown, and the device reverts to the mode selection state. programming protocol and state machine description
19 a1373-ds worcester, massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 115 northeast cutoff, box 15036 www.allegromicro.com allegro microsystems, inc. high precision, output pin programmable, linear hall effect sensors a1373 and a1374 programming logic binary bitfield address decimal equivalent code description qvo coarse register 00 0 v out(q) mid range 01 1 v out(q) low range 10 2 v out(q) high range 11 3 register wraps to 00 qvo fine register 000000000 0 initial value in selected qvo coarse range 111111111 511 maximum value in selected qvo coarse range sens. coarse register 00 0 sens low range 01 1 sens mid range 10 2 sens high range 11 3 register wraps to 00 sens. fine register 00000000 0 initial value in selected sens. coarse range 11111111 255 maximum value in selected sens. coarse range tc register register (see also chart sensitivity temperature coefficient code profile in typical characteristics section) 00000 0 initial tc 00001 through 01011 1 through 11 positive tc programming range 01100 through 0 1111 12 through 15 unused: equal to codes 4 to 7, respectively 10000 through 11011 16 through 27 negative tc prgramming range; value for 16 equals 1 step less than the value for the initial tc value (00000) 11100 through 11111 28 through 31 unused: equal to codes 20 to 23, respectively clamp bit register 00 0 rail-to-rail output swing 01 1 0.5 v and v cc ? 0.5v rails 10 2 1 v and v cc ? 1 v rails 00 3 register wraps to 00 polarity bit register 0 0 positive (v out increases when a positive (south) magnetic field is applied to the device ) 1 1 negative (v out increases when a negative (north) magnetic field is applied to the device )
20 a1373-ds worcester, massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 115 northeast cutoff, box 15036 www.allegromicro.com allegro microsystems, inc. high precision, output pin programmable, linear hall effect sensors a1373 and a1374 ? a bypass capacitor rated at 0.1f must be mounted between the vout pin and the gnd pin during programming. the power supply used for programming should be capable of deliv- ering 28 v and 300 ma. ? before beginning any blow fuse mode or lock device mode code sequence, the device must be reset by cycling v cc power-off and power-on again. cycling power resets the device by setting all bitfields that have intact fuses to 0. bitfields with blown fuses are unaffected. in try value mode, to retain register settings from previous code sequences, do not cycle power between sequences. when a register is selected in register selection mode, when the v ph pulse is sent to enter the bitfield selection mode, the bitfields with intact fuses in that register are reset to 0. ? in try value mode, all bits in the register can be set in one code sequence. for example, setting the binary value 0110 and sending a v ph pulse sets code 6. however, because of the power requirement, blowing fuses must be performed one bitfield at a time. in order to program (blow fuses) for binary 0110, the bitfields must be programmed (blown) in two different code sequences:one setting the 0100 bit, and the other setting the 0010 bit (in either order). power must be cycled before each of the two sequences. ? although a bitfield cannot be reset once its fuse is blown, additional bitfields can be blown at any time, until the device is locked by setting the lock bit. for example, if bit 1 (0010) has been blown, it is possible to blow bit 0 (0001). because bit 1 was programming guidelines already blown, the end result will be 0011 (code 3). ? before powering down the device after programming, observe the recommended delay, to ensure that the last v ph pulse has decayed before voltage drops to the v pl voltage. this will avoid the generation of overlapping v pl and v ph pulses. at the end of a lock device mode code sequence, the delay is not necessary. ? programming order is important in both try value mode and in blow fuse mode. there will be a slight parametric shift in sensitivity after programming the temperature coefficient, and a slight quiescent voltage shift with polarity. subsequent changes to sensitivity can cause a shift in the quiescent output voltage. the following order is recommended: a. polarity b. tc register c. sens coarse d. qvo coarse e. sens fine g. qvo fine the clamp bit register can be programmed at any point in the order, as no parametric shift is observed due to clamps. ? the actual distribution of parametric programming ranges are wider than the specified programming ranges, in order to take in to account manufacturing spread. the maximum possible attainable range can be used with the understanding that other specified parameters might be out of datasheet specification in the extended range. (for an example, see the chart sensitivity temperature coefficient range, in the typical characteristics section.)
21 a1373-ds worcester, massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 115 northeast cutoff, box 15036 www.allegromicro.com allegro microsystems, inc. high precision, output pin programmable, linear hall effect sensors a1373 and a1374 this example demonstrates the programming of the devices by setting the register for sensitivity temperature coefficient to 00110. 1. power-on the system. this will reset the unprogrammed bits in all registers to 0. the device enters the initial state. 2. send one v ph pulse to enter the mode selection state. 3. send one v pl pulse to select try value mode. 4. send one v ph pulse to enter the register selection state. 5. send four v pl pulses to select the tc register. 6. send one v ph pulse to enter bitfield selection state (write mode). the tc register is reset to 00000 (assuming all of those bitfields have intact fuses). 7. send five v pl pulses to set bitfields 0 and 2 (00101). now we can measure the device output to see if this is the desired value. we may find that the value we programmed is not correct. so we will proceed to change it, as follows: 8. send one v pl pulse to increase the code to 6 (setting bitfields 1 and 2: 00110). we measure the device and find that this is the correct tc we require. we are finished with trying values, and now want to set the value permanently. in the following steps, remember that blowing fuses is done one bit at a time. 9. send one v ph pulse to exit bitfield selection mode. (the device returns to the mode selection state.) 10. reset the device by powering it off and on. 11. send one v ph pulse to enter the mode selection state. 12. send two v pl pulses to select blow fuse mode. programming example 13. send one v ph pulse to enter the register selection state. 14. send four v pl pulses to select the tc register. 15. send one v ph pulse to enter bitfield selection state (write mode). the tc register is reset to 00000. 16. send four v pl pulses to set bit 2 (00100, decimal 4). 17. send one v ph pulse to exit bitfield selection state. the bitfield fuse is blown, and the device returns to the mode selection state. one of the two bitfields is programmed. now we program the other bitfield. 18. repeat steps 10 to 15 to select the tc register again. this time, however, the register resets to 00100, because bit 2 has been permanently set. 19. send two v pl pulses to set bit 1 (00010, decimal 2). 20. send one v ph pulse to exit bitfield selection state. the bitfield fuse is blown, and the device returns to the mode selection state. after repeating the above steps to program all parameters, we can lock the device: 21. reset the device by powering it off and on. 22. send one v ph pulse to enter the mode selection state. 23. send three v pl pulses to select lock device mode. 24. send one v ph pulse to enter the bitfield selection state. (we do not need to select a register for locking the device). 25. send one v pl pulse to set the lock bit to 1. 26. send one v ph pulse to exit bitfield selection state. the bitfield fuse is blown, and the device returns to the mode selection state. 27. programming the device is complete. optionally, test the results, or power-off the device.
22 a1373-ds worcester, massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 115 northeast cutoff, box 15036 www.allegromicro.com allegro microsystems, inc. high precision, output pin programmable, linear hall effect sensors a1373 and a1374 package kb, 3-pin sip .208 .203 5.28 5.16 .063 .059 1.60 1.50 3.51 3.38 .138 .133 .600 .560 15.25 14.24 .023 .018 0.58 0.46 .0189 .0142 0.48 0.36 .0173 .0138 0.44 0.35 .085 max 2.16 .020 ref 0.51 .030 ref 0.75 .075 bsc 1.91 .0165 nom .042 .033 ref 0.84 45 bsc 45 bsc dimensions in inches metric dimensions (mm) in brackets, for reference only 23 1 a c a b dambar removal protrusion hall element active area depth leads 1 and 3 only b c
23 a1373-ds worcester, massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 115 northeast cutoff, box 15036 www.allegromicro.com allegro microsystems, inc. high precision, output pin programmable, linear hall effect sensors a1373 and a1374 the products described herein are manufactured under one or more of the following u.s. patents: 5,045,920; 5,264,783; 5,442,283; 5,389,889; 5,581,179; 5,517,112; 5,619,137; 5,621,319; 5,650,719; 5,686,894; 5,694,038; 5,729,130; 5,917,320; and other patents pending. allegro microsystems, inc. reserves the right to make, from time to time, such de par tures from the detail spec i fi ca tions as may be required to permit improvements in the per for mance, reliability, or manufactur- ability of its products. before placing an order, the user is cautioned to verify that the information being relied upon is current. allegro products are not authorized for use as critical components in life-support devices or sys tems without express written approval. the in for ma tion in clud ed herein is believed to be ac cu rate and reliable. how ev er, allegro microsystems, inc. assumes no re spon si bil i ty for its use; nor for any in fringe ment of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. copyright ? 2005, allegro microsystems, inc.

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